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Bachelor in modern languages and literatures, general orientation
 |
Th
 |
Pr
 |
Au
 | Credits
 |
 First Year
 |
 Core courses within the Germanic Languages Study Paths
 |
|  Choose one of the following groups :
 |
|  German Section
 |
| 
LGER0005-1
 | 
German Language I - Louis Gerrekens
 | 30
 | 60
 | -
 | 11
 |
| 
LGER0028-1
 | 
Introduction to Modern German Literature I (german) - Alexandra Pontzen
 | 15
 | 45
 | -
 | 7,5
 |
| 
GERM0008-1
 | 
History of German Literature I (german) - Robert Möller
 | 30
 | -
 | -
 | 4
 |
|  English Section
 |
| 
LGER0007-1
 | 
English Language I (english) - Bénédicte Ledent
 | 30
 | 60
 | -
 | 11
 |
| 
LGER0002-1
 | 
Introduction to Modern English Literature I (english) - Michel Delville
 | 15
 | 45
 | -
 | 7,5
 |
| 
GERM0010-1
 | 
History of English Literature I (english) - Marc Delrez
 | 30
 | -
 | -
 | 4
 |
|  Dutch Section
 |
| 
LGER0009-1
 | 
Dutch Language I (dutch) - Guy Janssens
 | 30
 | 60
 | -
 | 11
 |
| 
LGER0029-1
 | 
Introduction to Modern Dutch Literature I (dutch) - Kris Steyaert
 | 15
 | 45
 | -
 | 7,5
 |
| 
GERM0012-1
 | 
History of Dutch Literature I (dutch) - Kris Steyaert
 | 30
 | -
 | -
 | 4
 |

 |
 Courses specific to the Romance and Arab langauges Study Path
 |
|  Choose one of the following groups :
 |
|  Italian Section
 |
| 
LROM0066-3
 | 
Italian I (italien) - Paola Moreno
 | 30
 | 60
 | -
 | 11
 |
| 
LROM0108-1
 | 
Study of modern Italian texts I - Luciano Curreri
 | 15
 | 45
 | -
 | 7,5
 |
| 
LROM0124-1
 | 
Italian civilisation I - Luciano Curreri
 | 30
 | -
 | -
 | 4
 |
| 
LROM0111-1
 | 
history of Romance languages and methods in linguistics - Jean‑Marie Klinkenberg
 | 30
 | -
 | -
 | 3
 |
|  Spanish Section
 |
| 
LROM0065-3
 | 
Spanish I (espagnol) - Kristine Vanden Berghe
 | 30
 | 60
 | -
 | 11
 |
| 
LROM0113-1
 | 
Spanish literary texts studies - Alvaro Ceballos Viro
 | 15
 | 45
 | -
 | 7,5
 |
| 
LROM0119-1
 | 
Spanish literature history - Alvaro Ceballos Viro
 | 30
 | -
 | -
 | 4
 |
| 
LROM0111-1
 | 
history of Romance languages and methods in linguistics - Jean‑Marie Klinkenberg
 | 30
 | -
 | -
 | 3
 |
|  Arab Section
 |
| 
LLOR0001-2
 | 
Classical and Modern Arabic I, partim : initiation - Frédéric Bauden
 | 30
 | -
 | -
 | 6
 |
| 
LLOR0001-3
 | 
Classical and Modern Arabic I, partim : perfectionnement - Frédéric Bauden
 | 30
 | -
 | -
 | 6,5
 |
| 
HIST0030-1
 | 
History and civilisation of the Arab world I - Frédéric Bauden
 | 30
 | -
 | -
 | 4
 |
| 
HAAR0022-1
 | 
History of Islamic Art - Frédéric Bauden (Odd years)
 | 30
 | -
 | -
 | 4
 |
| 
HREL0002-1
 | 
Introduction to the history of Islam - Frédéric Bauden (Even years)
 | 30
 | -
 | -
 | 4
 |
| 
LCLA0015-1
 | 
Ancient Graeco-Roman history (including 15 hours of Middle-East history) - Vinciane Pirenne
 | 60
 | -
 | -
 | 5
 |
 Compulsory courses
 |
| 
GERM0020-1
 | 
Introduction to Linguistics for Students of Germanic Languages - Juliette Dor
 | 30
 | -
 | -
 | 3
 |
| 
HIST0061-1
 | 
History of European civilisation (including elements of historical criticism) - Alexis Wilkin
 | 45
 | -
 | -
 | 3
 |
| 
HAAR0002-1
 | 
Major Movements in Art History - Jean‑Patrick Duchesne
 | 30
 | -
 | -
 | 3
 |
 Optional courses
 |
|  Choose one of the following philosophy courses :
 |
| 
PHIL0003-1
 | 
Introduction to philosophy - Arnaud Dewalque
 | 45
 | -
 | -
 | 3
 |
| 
PHIL0039-1
 | 
Introduction to logic and argumentation - Bruno Leclercq
 | 30
 | -
 | -
 | 3
 |
| 
PHIL0019-1
 | 
Contemporary philosophy - Daniel Giovannangeli
 | 30
 | -
 | -
 | 3
 |
| 
PHIL0021-1
 | 
Moral philosophy - Florence Caeymaex
 | 30
 | -
 | -
 | 3
 |
 Second Year
 |
 Core courses within the Germanic Languages Study Paths
 |
|  Follow-up to the Germanic language chosen in the first year :
 |
|  German Section
 |
| 
LGER0006-2
 | 
German Language II (german) - Louis Gerrekens
 | 45
 | -
 | -
 | 6
 |
| 
LGER0083-1
 | 
German Linguistics I (german) - Michel Kefer
 | 30
 | -
 | -
 | 4
 |
| 
LGER0001-2
 | 
Introduction to Modern German Literature II (german) - Louis Gerrekens
 | 30
 | -
 | -
 | 4
 |
| 
GERM0009-1
 | 
History of German Literature II (german) - Alexandra Pontzen
 | 30
 | -
 | -
 | 4
 |
| 
GERM0002-1
 | 
German civilisation (german) - Vera Viehöver
 | 30
 | -
 | -
 | 4
 |
| 
GERM0017-1
 | 
Introduction to the History of the German Language (german) - Robert Möller
 | 15
 | -
 | -
 | 2
 |
|  English Section
 |
| 
LGER0008-2
 | 
English Language II (english) - Bénédicte Ledent
 | 45
 | -
 | -
 | 6
 |
| 
LGER0084-1
 | 
English linguistics I (english) - Bénédicte Ledent
 | 30
 | -
 | -
 | 4
 |
| 
LGER0003-2
 | 
Study of English Modern Literary Texts II (english) - Marc Delrez
 | 30
 | -
 | -
 | 4
 |
| 
GERM0011-1
 | 
History of English Literature II (english) - Marc Delrez
 | 30
 | -
 | -
 | 4
 |
| 
GERM0003-1
 | 
British civilisation (english) - Katharine Burkitt
 | 30
 | -
 | -
 | 4
 |
| 
GERM0018-1
 | 
Introduction to the History of the English Language (english) - Juliette Dor
 | 15
 | -
 | -
 | 2
 |
|  Dutch Section
 |
| 
LGER0010-2
 | 
Dutch Language II (dutch) - Joseph Vromans
 | 45
 | -
 | -
 | 6
 |
| 
LGER0085-1
 | 
Dutch linguistics I (dutch) - Gert Meesters
 | 30
 | -
 | -
 | 4
 |
| 
LGER0004-2
 | 
Introduction to Modern Dutch Literature II (dutch) - Kris Steyaert
 | 30
 | -
 | -
 | 4
 |
| 
GERM0013-1
 | 
History of Dutch Literature II (dutch) - Erik Spinoy
 | 30
 | -
 | -
 | 4
 |
| 
GERM0004-1
 | 
Dutch civilisation (dutch) - Gert Meesters
 | 30
 | -
 | -
 | 4
 |
| 
GERM0019-1
 | 
Introduction to the History of the Dutch Language (dutch) - Guy Janssens
 | 15
 | -
 | -
 | 2
 |

 |
 Courses specific to the Romance and Arab langauges Study Path
 |
|  Follow-up to the language chosen in the first year :
 |
|  Italian Section
 |
| 
LROM0031-2
 | 
Italian II (italien) - Paola Moreno
 | 30
 | 45
 | -
 | 10
 |
| 
LROM0114-1
 | 
Modern Italian literary texts II (italien) - Luciano Curreri
 | 30
 | -
 | -
 | 5
 |
| 
LROM0104-1
 | 
Theory and literary criticism: poetic questions - Luciano Curreri
 | 30
 | -
 | -
 | 5
 |
|  Choose one of the following courses :
 |
| 
PSYC0900-2
 | 
psychology - Steve Majerus
 | 30
 | -
 | -
 | 4
 |
| 
ANTH0033-1
 | 
Social and cultural antropology 2 - Benjamin Rubbers
 | 30
 | -
 | -
 | 4
 |
|  Choose one of the following philosophy courses (this must be different to the choice made in the first year) :
 |
| 
PHIL0003-1
 | 
Introduction to philosophy - Arnaud Dewalque
 | 45
 | -
 | -
 | 4
 |
| 
PHIL0039-1
 | 
Introduction to logic and argumentation - Bruno Leclercq
 | 30
 | -
 | -
 | 4
 |
| 
PHIL0019-1
 | 
Contemporary philosophy - Daniel Giovannangeli
 | 30
 | -
 | -
 | 4
 |
| 
PHIL0021-1
 | 
Moral philosophy - Florence Caeymaex
 | 30
 | -
 | -
 | 4
 |
|  Spanish Section
 |
| 
LROM0028-2
 | 
Spanish II (espagnol) - Alvaro Ceballos Viro
 | 30
 | 45
 | -
 | 10
 |
| 
LROM0020-1
 | 
Spanish-American literature history (espagnol) - Kristine Vanden Berghe
 | 30
 | -
 | -
 | 5
 |
| 
LROM0115-1
 | 
Spanish-American literary texts studies - Kristine Vanden Berghe
 | 30
 | -
 | -
 | 5
 |
|  Choose one of the following courses :
 |
| 
PSYC0900-2
 | 
psychology - Steve Majerus
 | 30
 | -
 | -
 | 4
 |
| 
ANTH0033-1
 | 
Social and cultural antropology 2 - Benjamin Rubbers
 | 30
 | -
 | -
 | 4
 |
|  Choose one of the following philosophy courses (this must be different to the choice made in the first year) :
 |
| 
PHIL0003-1
 | 
Introduction to philosophy - Arnaud Dewalque
 | 45
 | -
 | -
 | 4
 |
| 
PHIL0039-1
 | 
Introduction to logic and argumentation - Bruno Leclercq
 | 30
 | -
 | -
 | 4
 |
| 
PHIL0019-1
 | 
Contemporary philosophy - Daniel Giovannangeli
 | 30
 | -
 | -
 | 4
 |
| 
PHIL0021-1
 | 
Moral philosophy - Florence Caeymaex
 | 30
 | -
 | -
 | 4
 |
|  Arab Section
 |
| 
LLOR0035-1
 | 
Classical and Modern Arabic II - Frédéric Bauden
 | 60
 | -
 | -
 | 8
 |
| 
LLOR0003-1
 | 
Spoken Arabic I - Frédéric Bauden
 | 30
 | -
 | -
 | 5
 |
| 
HIST0072-1
 | 
History and civilisation of the Arab world II - Frédéric Bauden
 | 30
 | -
 | -
 | 4
 |
| 
HAAR0022-1
 | 
History of Islamic Art - Frédéric Bauden (Odd years)
 | 30
 | -
 | -
 | 4
 |
| 
HREL0002-1
 | 
Introduction to the history of Islam - Frédéric Bauden (Even years)
 | 30
 | -
 | -
 | 4
 |
| 
LLOR0049-1
 | 
Old History of the Asian Near-East - Önhan Tunca (Even years)
 | 30
 | -
 | -
 | 4
 |
| 
GEOG0601-1
 | 
Geography of the East - André Ozer (Odd years)
 | 15
 | 15
 | -
 | 4
 |
|  Choose one of the following History of Oriental Religions courses :
 |
| 
HREL0027-1
 | 
Ancient Egypt religion - N... - Suppl : Pierre Koemoth (Odd years)
 | 30
 | -
 | -
 | 3
 |
| 
HREL0028-1
 | 
Religions in Ancient India - N... - Suppl : Philippe Swennen
 | 30
 | -
 | -
 | 3
 |
| 
HREL0001-1
 | 
History of pre-Islamic Iranian religion - Eric Pirart
 | 30
 | -
 | -
 | 3
 |
| 
HREL0030-1
 | 
Introduction to the history of Judaism I - Liliane Vana
 | 30
 | -
 | -
 | 3
 |
 Optional courses
 |
|  Choose one of the following literature courses :
 |
| 
LITT0004-1
 | 
Comparative literature a: from the middle ages to the 18th century - Jean‑Louis Dumortier
 | 30
 | -
 | -
 | 4
 |
| 
LITT0005-1
 | 
Comparative literature B: from the 19th to the 21st century - Marc Delrez, Christine Pagnoulle
 | 30
 | -
 | -
 | 4
 |
|  Choose one of the following courses :
 |
| 
LING0009-1
 | 
Introduction to general linguistics and language typology - Michel Kefer
 | 30
 | -
 | -
 | 4
 |
| 
LROM0024-1
 | 
Introduction to general linguistics and semiology - Jean‑Marie Klinkenberg
 | 30
 | -
 | -
 | 4
 |
 Third Year
 |
 Core courses within the Germanic Languages Study Paths
 |
|  Follow-up to the germanic language chosen in the first and secind years :
 |
|  German Section
 |
| 
LGER0075-1
 | 
German language III (german) - Robert Möller
 | 30
 | -
 | -
 | 4
 |
| 
LGER0086-1
 | 
German linguistics II (german) - Michel Kefer
 | 30
 | -
 | -
 | 4
 |
| 
LGER0076-1
 | 
Study of German literary modern texts III (german) - Alexandra Pontzen
 | 30
 | -
 | -
 | 4
 |
| 
LGER0077-1
 | 
Study of German literary modern texts IV (german) - Louis Gerrekens
 | 30
 | -
 | -
 | 4
 |
| 
GERM0065-1
 | 
History of German literature III (german) - Alexandra Pontzen
 | 30
 | -
 | -
 | 4
 |
| 
GERM0067-1
 | 
History of German language (german) - Robert Möller
 | 30
 | -
 | -
 | 4
 |
|  English Section
 |
| 
LGER0078-1
 | 
English language III (english) - Daria Tunca
 | 30
 | -
 | -
 | 4
 |
| 
LGER0087-1
 | 
English Linguistics II (english) - Archibal Michiels
 | 30
 | -
 | -
 | 4
 |
| 
LGER0079-1
 | 
Studies of English literary modern texts III (english) - Christine Pagnoulle
 | 30
 | -
 | -
 | 4
 |
| 
LGER0080-1
 | 
Studies of English literary modern texts IV (english) - Marc Delrez
 | 30
 | -
 | -
 | 4
 |
| 
GERM0064-1
 | 
History of English literature III (english) - Michel Delville
 | 30
 | -
 | -
 | 4
 |
| 
GERM0068-1
 | 
History of English language (english) - Juliette Dor
 | 30
 | -
 | -
 | 4
 |
|  Dutch Section
 |
| 
LGER0088-1
 | 
Dutch Language III (dutch) - Joseph Vromans
 | 30
 | -
 | -
 | 4
 |
| 
LGER0089-1
 | 
Dutch linguistics II (dutch) - Joseph Vromans
 | 30
 | -
 | -
 | 4
 |
| 
LGER0081-1
 | 
Introduction to Modern Dutch Literature III (dutch) - Kris Steyaert
 | 30
 | -
 | -
 | 4
 |
| 
LGER0082-1
 | 
Study of Modern Dutch Literary Texts IV (dutch) - Erik Spinoy
 | 30
 | -
 | -
 | 4
 |
| 
GERM0066-1
 | 
History of Dutch Literature III (dutch) - Erik Spinoy
 | 30
 | -
 | -
 | 4
 |
| 
GERM0069-1
 | 
History of Dutch language (dutch) - Guy Janssens
 | 30
 | -
 | -
 | 4
 |
 Courses specific to the Romance and Arab langauges Study Path
 |
|  Follow-up to the language chosen in the first and second years :
 |
|  Italian Section
 |
| 
LROM0037-1
 | 
Italian linguistics (italien) - Paola Moreno
 | 30
 | -
 | -
 | 5
 |
| 
LROM0116-1
 | 
Stylistics and criticism in modern Italian (italien) - Pietro Benzoni
 | 30
 | -
 | -
 | 5
 |
| 
LROM0182-1
 | 
History of Italian literature: from the Baroque period to the 20th century - Luciano Curreri
 | 30
 | -
 | -
 | 5
 |
| 
LROM0060-1
 | 
Explication of Italian authors (italien) - Paola Moreno
 | 30
 | -
 | -
 | 5
 |
| 
LROM0038-1
 | 
Romance linguistics - Pierre Swiggers
 | 30
 | -
 | -
 | 4
 |
| 
LROM0062-1
 | 
History of romance literature - Nadine Henrard
 | 30
 | -
 | -
 | 4
 |
|  Choose one of the following courses :
 |
| 
LGER0091-1
 | 
Literary Theory - Erik Spinoy
 | 30
 | -
 | -
 | 4
 |
| 
LROM0110-1
 | 
Literary theory and criticism : questions on poetics - Danielle Bajomée
 | 30
 | -
 | -
 | 4
 |
|  Choose one of the following history courses :
 |
| 
LCLA0015-1
 | 
Ancient Graeco-Roman history (including 15 hours of Middle-East history) - Vinciane Pirenne
 | 60
 | -
 | -
 | 4
 |
| 
HIST0040-1
 | 
History of the Middle Ages - Jean‑Louis Kupper
 | 45
 | -
 | -
 | 4
 |
| 
HIST0039-1
 | 
Modern history - Franz Bierlaire
 | 45
 | -
 | -
 | 4
 |
| 
HIST0031-1
 | 
Contemporary history - Francis Balace
 | 45
 | -
 | -
 | 4
 |
| 
HIST0036-1
 | 
History of humanism - Franz Bierlaire, N...
 | 30
 | -
 | -
 | 4
 |
| 
HIST0029-1
 | 
History of Belgium - Philippe Raxhon
 | 45
 | -
 | -
 | 4
 |
|  Spanish Section
 |
| 
LROM0118-1
 | 
Stylistics and criticism in modern Spanish - Alvaro Ceballos Viro
 | 30
 | -
 | -
 | 5
 |
| 
LROM0036-1
 | 
Spanish linguistics (espagnol) - Yolanda Montalvo
 | 30
 | -
 | -
 | 5
 |
| 
LROM0059-1
 | 
Spanish authors explanation (espagnol) - Alvaro Ceballos Viro
 | 30
 | -
 | -
 | 5
 |
| 
LROM0101-1
 | 
Hispanic cultures (espagnol) - Kristine Vanden Berghe
 | 30
 | -
 | -
 | 5
 |
| 
LROM0038-1
 | 
Romance linguistics - Pierre Swiggers
 | 30
 | -
 | -
 | 4
 |
| 
LROM0062-1
 | 
History of romance literature - Nadine Henrard
 | 30
 | -
 | -
 | 4
 |
|  Choose one of the following courses :
 |
| 
LGER0091-1
 | 
Literary Theory - Erik Spinoy
 | 30
 | -
 | -
 | 4
 |
| 
LROM0110-1
 | 
Literary theory and criticism : questions on poetics - Danielle Bajomée
 | 30
 | -
 | -
 | 4
 |
|  Choose one of the following history courses :
 |
| 
LCLA0015-1
 | 
Ancient Graeco-Roman history (including 15 hours of Middle-East history) - Vinciane Pirenne
 | 60
 | -
 | -
 | 4
 |
| 
HIST0040-1
 | 
History of the Middle Ages - Jean‑Louis Kupper
 | 45
 | -
 | -
 | 4
 |
| 
HIST0039-1
 | 
Modern history - Franz Bierlaire
 | 45
 | -
 | -
 | 4
 |
| 
HIST0031-1
 | 
Contemporary history - Francis Balace
 | 45
 | -
 | -
 | 4
 |
| 
HIST0036-1
 | 
History of humanism - Franz Bierlaire, N...
 | 30
 | -
 | -
 | 4
 |
| 
HIST0029-1
 | 
History of Belgium - Philippe Raxhon
 | 45
 | -
 | -
 | 4
 |
|  Arab Section
 |
| 
LLOR0088-1
 | 
Classical and modern Arabic III - Frédéric Bauden
 | 60
 | -
 | -
 | 15
 |
| 
LLOR0044-1
 | 
Spoken Arabic II - Frédéric Bauden
 | 30
 | -
 | -
 | 5
 |
| 
LLOR0049-1
 | 
Old History of the Asian Near-East - Önhan Tunca (Even years)
 | 30
 | -
 | -
 | 4
 |
| 
GEOG0601-1
 | 
Geography of the East - André Ozer (Odd years)
 | 15
 | 15
 | -
 | 4
 |
|  Choose one of the following History of Oriental Religions courses (this must be different to the choice made in the second year) :
 |
| 
HREL0002-1
 | 
Introduction to the history of Islam - Frédéric Bauden (Even years)
 | 30
 | -
 | -
 | 4
 |
| 
HREL0027-1
 | 
Ancient Egypt religion - N... - Suppl : Pierre Koemoth (Odd years)
 | 30
 | -
 | -
 | 4
 |
| 
HREL0028-1
 | 
Religions in Ancient India - N... - Suppl : Philippe Swennen
 | 30
 | -
 | -
 | 4
 |
| 
HREL0001-1
 | 
History of pre-Islamic Iranian religion - Eric Pirart
 | 30
 | -
 | -
 | 4
 |
| 
HREL0030-1
 | 
Introduction to the history of Judaism I - Liliane Vana
 | 30
 | -
 | -
 | 4
 |
|  Choose one third language (8 ECTS) from the following :
 |
| 
LLOR0019-3
 | 
Assyrobabylonian I, partim : initiation - Önhan Tunca
 | 30
 | -
 | -
 | 4
 |
| Requisite | LLOR0019-4 | Assyro-babylonien I | |
| 
LLOR0019-4
 | 
Assyrobabylonian I, partim : perfectionnement - Önhan Tunca
 | 30
 | -
 | -
 | 4
 |
| Requisite | LLOR0019-3 | Assyro-babylonien I | |
| 
LLOR0020-3
 | 
Egyptian I, partim : initiation - Jean Winand
 | 30
 | -
 | -
 | 4
 |
| Requisite | LLOR0020-4 | Egyptien I | |
| 
LLOR0020-4
 | 
Egyptian I, partim : perfectionnement - Jean Winand
 | 30
 | -
 | -
 | 4
 |
| Requisite | LLOR0020-3 | Egyptien I | |
| 
LLOR0050-2
 | 
Introduction to Sanskrit I, first rudiments - Eric Pirart
 | 30
 | -
 | -
 | 4
 |
| Requisite | LLOR0050-3 | Initiation au sanskrit I | |
| 
LLOR0050-3
 | 
Introduction to Sanskrit I, rudiments - Eric Pirart
 | 30
 | -
 | -
 | 4
 |
| Requisite | LLOR0050-3 | Initiation au sanskrit I | |
| 
LLOR0013-3
 | 
Hebrew language I, partim : initiation - Liliane Vana
 | 30
 | -
 | -
 | 4
 |
| Requisite | LLOR0013-4 | Langue hébraïque I | |
| 
LLOR0013-4
 | 
Hebrew language I, partim : perfectionnement - Liliane Vana
 | 30
 | -
 | -
 | 4
 |
| Requisite | LLOR0013-3 | Langue hébraïque I | |
| 
LROM0065-3
 | 
Spanish I (espagnol) - Kristine Vanden Berghe
 | 30
 | 60
 | -
 | 8
 |
| 
LROM0066-3
 | 
Italian I (italien) - Paola Moreno
 | 30
 | 60
 | -
 | 8
 |
| 
LCLA0021-1
 | 
Modern Greek I - N... - Suppl : Aikaterini Lefka
 | 30
 | 30
 | -
 | 8
 |
| 
TRAD0006-1
 | 
Translation of Historical Texts : English I - Bénédicte Ledent
 | 45
 | -
 | -
 | 8
 |
| 
TRAD0007-1
 | 
Translation of Historical Texts : English II - Bénédicte Ledent
 | 45
 | -
 | -
 | 8
 |
| 
TRAD0004-1
 | 
Translation and Explication of Historical Texts : German I - Louis Gerrekens
 | 45
 | -
 | -
 | 8
 |
| 
TRAD0005-1
 | 
Translation and Explication of Historical Texts : German II - Robert Möller
 | 45
 | -
 | -
 | 8
 |
| 
TRAD0008-1
 | 
Translation and Explication of Historical Texts : Dutch - Armel Wynants
 | 45
 | -
 | -
 | 8
 |