2018-2019 / Master

Biology of organisms and ecology (120 ECTS)

120 crédits

Cycle view

  • Bloc
  • Organisation
  • Théorie
  • Pratique
  • Autres
  • Crédits

Compulsory courses

B1
60Cr
B2
30Cr
CodeDétailsBlocOrganisationThéoriePratiqueAutresCrédits

Specialised courses in Biology and Ecology

SSTG0046-1Naturalistic building upon applied in conservation - [10d Field work] B1TA--[+]3
SSTG0024-1Training : biodiversity, phylogeny and marine ecology - [10d Field work] B1Q2--[+]4
BIOL0852-1Ecosystems and climate change B1Q22416-3
BIOL0810-2Conservation biology - [1d Field work] B1Q23010[+]4
BIOL0808-2Functional morphologyB1Q14
Marine vertebrates   1510- 
Birds, mammals, biomimicry - [1d Visit]   515[+] 
PALE0209-1Paleontology B1Q130--3

Specialised courses in basic Ethology and applied to population management

BIOL0809-1Ecophysiology, ethology B1Q14015-5
BIOL0853-1Ethometry - [1d Field work] B1Q11540[+]4

Specialised courses in applied Ecology and Ecotoxicology

ENVT3045-1Ecosystems : contitions, anthropic impacts and management B1Q12622-3
BIOL0854-1Ecotoxicology (english language) B1Q22018-4

Population study and phylogenetics

BIOL0812-2Biogeography - [3d Field work] B1Q230-[+]4
GENE0446-2Population genetics B1Q12515-4
GENE0448-1Phylogenetic methods
Corequisite
BIOL2041-1
Taxonomie et phylogénie animales
BIOL2040-1
Taxonomie et phylogénie des lignées chlorophylliennes
B1Q12015-3
BIOL2041-1Taxonomy and animal phylogeny
Corequisite
GENE0448-1
Méthodes de phylogénie
BIOL2040-1
Taxonomie et phylogénie des lignées chlorophylliennes
B1Q13525-5
BIOL2040-1Taxonomy and phylogeny of chlorophyll lines
Corequisite
GENE0448-1
Méthodes de phylogénie
BIOL2041-1
Taxonomie et phylogénie animales
B1Q22515-3

Transversal training

AESS0320-1Initiation to biology didactics B1Q22020-2
STAT0750-1Multivariate statistical analysis (software R) B1Q11010-2
Notice : Students who handle animals within the framework of their dissertation must have the "Certificate in laboratory animal sciences, grade: animal biotechnologist" (contact : Prof. Jean-Christophe PLUMIER).
SMEM0013-1Final thesis
Collégialité
Corequisite
DOCU0459-2
Formation à la documentation et préparation à la réalisation du mémoire
B2TA---27
DOCU0459-2Documentation training and preparation to the final thesisB2Q13
Bibliographic research - [20h Monitored workshops]   --[+] 
Preparation to the final thesis - [10h Monitored workshops]
Corequisite
SMEM0013-1
Mémoire
  --[+] 

Focus to be choosen

B2
30Cr

Choose one focus from the following :

B2
1Nbr

Research Focus

B2
30Cr
CodeDétailsBlocOrganisationThéoriePratiqueAutresCrédits

In agreement with the jury, choose one of the three modules below

B2
30Cr
CodeDétailsBlocOrganisationThéoriePratiqueAutresCrédits

Basic ethology and applied to population management

B2
30Cr
CodeDétailsBlocOrganisationThéoriePratiqueAutresCrédits
SSTG0053-1Integrated ethometry internship - [4d Field work]
Corequisite
BIOL0853-1
Ethométrie
BIOL0809-1
Ecophysiologie, éthologie
B2Q1-10[+]3
BIOL0856-1Experimental designs and data processing in ethology B2Q1-20-3

In agreement with the jury, choose 3 of the 5 courses below

B2
9Cr
CodeDétailsBlocOrganisationThéoriePratiqueAutresCrédits
PSYC1063-1Social ethology B2Q22010-3
PSYC0063-1Behavioural neuroendocrinology B2Q130--3
BIOL0857-1Behavioural neuroscience and animal cognition B2Q11812-3
BIOL0858-1Animal communication B2Q12010-3
ANTH0057-1Anthropology of nature and animals - Part 1: Theory B2Q130--3

In agreement with the jury, choose one of the two specialisations below:

B2
9Cr
CodeDétailsBlocOrganisationThéoriePratiqueAutresCrédits

Ethology of wildlife and management of terrestrial fauna

B2
9Cr
CodeDétailsBlocOrganisationThéoriePratiqueAutresCrédits

In agreement with the jury, choose 3 of the 4 courses below:

B2
9Cr
CodeDétailsBlocOrganisationThéoriePratiqueAutresCrédits
BIOL1064-1Behavioural primatology B2Q12010-3
RAVT0002-2Eco-ethology and wildlife conservation - [1d Field work] B2Q220-[+]3
VETE0014-1Domestic Animal Behaviour Science B2Q132--3
BIOL0859-1Insect behaviour B2Q12010-3

Ethology of wildlife and management of aquatic fauna

B2
9Cr
CodeDétailsBlocOrganisationThéoriePratiqueAutresCrédits
ZOOL0232-1Ecology, ethology and amphibian conservation - [1d Field work] B2Q11515[+]3
OCEA0043-3Ecoethology of the marine animals - [5d Field work] B2Q210-[+]3
ZOOL2021-1Ecology and dynamics of freshwater fish populations B2Q11020-3

In agreement with the jury, chose courses that haven't already been chosen for a total of 6 credits from among:

B2
6Cr
CodeDétailsBlocOrganisationThéoriePratiqueAutresCrédits
[...] Modular courses-
[...] List of optional courses-
HAAR0091-1Archaeozoology B2Q11515-3
GEOL0099-1Evolution of the Phanerozoic biosphere (english language) - [2d Field work]
Prerequisite
PALE0209-1
Paléontologie
B2Q120-[+]3
GEOL1022-2Precambrian paleobiogeology B2Q12010-3
GEOL0263-1Astrobiology (Even years) B2Q23015-3
GEOL1023-1Palynology - advanced course on Paleozoic spores (Odd years)
B2Q230--3
BIOL0821-1Natural Biomaterials : ultrastructural and functional aspects B2Q230--3
BIOL0114-4Electronic microscopies, Part A B2Q215--3
CHIM9236-1Microstructure of materials : characterization techniques, Part A B2Q215--3
BIOL0820-1Morphological specific aspects of vertebrates : functional approach B2Q230--3
NEUR0434-1Functional Neuroanatomy B2Q230--3
BIOL0822-1Environmental physiology (english language) B2Q11020-3
BIOL0823-1Ultrastructural cytochemistry B2Q230--3
OCEA0083-1Physiology and biochemistry of the marine animals (english language) B2Q11515-3
CHIM9212-1Biological applications of radioelements B2Q230--3
GENE0003-1Genomics B2Q220--3
ZOOL0227-1Genetic foundations of aquaculture B2Q130--3
GENE0441-1Organelle geneticsB2Q23
Part A   15-- 
Part B   15-- 
LABO0432-1Techniques for cells and tissue cultures B2Q1820-3
GBIO0022-1Biomimetism (english language) - [45h Projet] B2TA15-[+]3
SSTG0023-1Training : phylogeny and ecology of Macaronesian and Mediterranean flora - [10d Field work] B2Q2--[+]3
BOTA0405-1In vitro culture of plants B2Q230--3
BOTA0410-1Phylogeny of eukaryotes B2Q130--3
BIOL0844-1General biology of cryptogams (bryophyta and lichens) B2Q230--3
BIOL0826-2Biogeography and plant and nature conservation - [6d Field work] B2Q2--[+]3
BIOL2042-1Population Biology - [3d Field work] B2Q210-[+]3
ZOOL0228-1Demography and dynamics population of mammals and birds B2Q130--3
ZOOL0230-2Methods to count and monitor freshwater fish populations - [4d Field work] B2Q2-10[+]3
BIOL0828-1(pas organisé en 2018-2019) Hydrobiology and Limnology B2Q230--3
BIOL0025-1Animal symbiosis B2Q11515-3
OCEA0084-1Marine ecotoxicology (english language) B2Q11515-3
OCEA0085-1Methods of investigation, observation and analysis of marine plankton - [12h Monitored workshops] B2Q1105[+]3
ZOOL0218-4Aquariology B2Q120--3
OCEA0050-1Ecology of the Mediterranean benthos - [30h Field work] B2Q1--[+]3
OCEA0144-1Ecology of the coral reefs (english language) B2Q130--3
OCEA0223-1Biodiversity of tropical coastal regions - [15d Field work] B2Q2--[+]3
OCEA0028-1Impact study in a sea environment : theory and practice B2Q120--3
OCEA0027-1Applications of stable isotopes in marine sciences B2Q11515-3
ENVT0884-1Ecology and economy of agricultural systems B2Q130--3
DOCU0455-1Introduction to critical thinking B2Q2105-3
[...] programmes from other ULiège Masters or from outside-

Applied ecology and ecotoxicology

B2
30Cr
CodeDétailsBlocOrganisationThéoriePratiqueAutresCrédits

Anthropic impact on ecosystems and ecotoxicology

BIOL0860-1Soil ecotoxicology and bioremediation (english language) B2Q12412-4
BIOL0861-1Integrated management of entomological biodiversity B2Q11515-3
OCEA0062-1Ecotoxicology and Biodegradation of Marine Pollutants (english language) B2Q15
Biodegradation of organic molecules in a sea environment   20-- 
Marine ecotoxicology   1515- 

Applied Methodology to Ecology and Ecotoxicology

SSTG0054-1Applications and case studies in ecology - [6d Field work]
Collégialité
B2Q2--[+]3
BIOL0862-1Quantification of environmental risk related to pollutants and decision-making B2Q1168-3
BIOL0863-1Analytical tools and assistance for integrated management B2Q130--3

In agreement with the jury, chose courses that haven't already been chosen for a total of 9 credits from among:

B2
9Cr
CodeDétailsBlocOrganisationThéoriePratiqueAutresCrédits
[...] Modular courses-
[...] List of optional courses-
HAAR0091-1Archaeozoology B2Q11515-3
GEOL0099-1Evolution of the Phanerozoic biosphere (english language) - [2d Field work]
Prerequisite
PALE0209-1
Paléontologie
B2Q120-[+]3
GEOL1022-2Precambrian paleobiogeology B2Q12010-3
GEOL0263-1Astrobiology (Even years) B2Q23015-3
GEOL1023-1Palynology - advanced course on Paleozoic spores (Odd years)
B2Q230--3
BIOL0821-1Natural Biomaterials : ultrastructural and functional aspects B2Q230--3
BIOL0114-4Electronic microscopies, Part A B2Q215--3
CHIM9236-1Microstructure of materials : characterization techniques, Part A B2Q215--3
BIOL0820-1Morphological specific aspects of vertebrates : functional approach B2Q230--3
NEUR0434-1Functional Neuroanatomy B2Q230--3
BIOL0822-1Environmental physiology (english language) B2Q11020-3
BIOL0823-1Ultrastructural cytochemistry B2Q230--3
OCEA0083-1Physiology and biochemistry of the marine animals (english language) B2Q11515-3
CHIM9212-1Biological applications of radioelements B2Q230--3
GENE0003-1Genomics B2Q220--3
ZOOL0227-1Genetic foundations of aquaculture B2Q130--3
GENE0441-1Organelle geneticsB2Q23
Part A   15-- 
Part B   15-- 
LABO0432-1Techniques for cells and tissue cultures B2Q1820-3
GBIO0022-1Biomimetism (english language) - [45h Projet] B2TA15-[+]3
SSTG0023-1Training : phylogeny and ecology of Macaronesian and Mediterranean flora - [10d Field work] B2Q2--[+]3
BOTA0405-1In vitro culture of plants B2Q230--3
BOTA0410-1Phylogeny of eukaryotes B2Q130--3
BIOL0844-1General biology of cryptogams (bryophyta and lichens) B2Q230--3
BIOL0826-2Biogeography and plant and nature conservation - [6d Field work] B2Q2--[+]3
BIOL2042-1Population Biology - [3d Field work] B2Q210-[+]3
ZOOL0228-1Demography and dynamics population of mammals and birds B2Q130--3
ZOOL0230-2Methods to count and monitor freshwater fish populations - [4d Field work] B2Q2-10[+]3
BIOL0828-1(pas organisé en 2018-2019) Hydrobiology and Limnology B2Q230--3
BIOL0025-1Animal symbiosis B2Q11515-3
OCEA0084-1Marine ecotoxicology (english language) B2Q11515-3
OCEA0085-1Methods of investigation, observation and analysis of marine plankton - [12h Monitored workshops] B2Q1105[+]3
ZOOL0218-4Aquariology B2Q120--3
OCEA0050-1Ecology of the Mediterranean benthos - [30h Field work] B2Q1--[+]3
OCEA0144-1Ecology of the coral reefs (english language) B2Q130--3
OCEA0223-1Biodiversity of tropical coastal regions - [15d Field work] B2Q2--[+]3
OCEA0028-1Impact study in a sea environment : theory and practice B2Q120--3
OCEA0027-1Applications of stable isotopes in marine sciences B2Q11515-3
ENVT0884-1Ecology and economy of agricultural systems B2Q130--3
DOCU0455-1Introduction to critical thinking B2Q2105-3
[...] programmes from other ULiège Masters or from outside-

Biology and Ecology

B2
30Cr
CodeDétailsBlocOrganisationThéoriePratiqueAutresCrédits

In agreement with the jury, chose courses that haven't already been chosen for a total of 30 credits from among:

B2
30Cr
CodeDétailsBlocOrganisationThéoriePratiqueAutresCrédits
[...] for a minimum of 18 credits in the two other modules-
[...] for a maximum of 12 credits in the list of optional courses-
HAAR0091-1Archaeozoology B2Q11515-3
GEOL0099-1Evolution of the Phanerozoic biosphere (english language) - [2d Field work]
Prerequisite
PALE0209-1
Paléontologie
B2Q120-[+]3
GEOL1022-2Precambrian paleobiogeology B2Q12010-3
GEOL0263-1Astrobiology (Even years) B2Q23015-3
GEOL1023-1Palynology - advanced course on Paleozoic spores (Odd years)
B2Q230--3
BIOL0821-1Natural Biomaterials : ultrastructural and functional aspects B2Q230--3
BIOL0114-4Electronic microscopies, Part A B2Q215--3
CHIM9236-1Microstructure of materials : characterization techniques, Part A B2Q215--3
BIOL0820-1Morphological specific aspects of vertebrates : functional approach B2Q230--3
NEUR0434-1Functional Neuroanatomy B2Q230--3
BIOL0822-1Environmental physiology (english language) B2Q11020-3
BIOL0823-1Ultrastructural cytochemistry B2Q230--3
OCEA0083-1Physiology and biochemistry of the marine animals (english language) B2Q11515-3
CHIM9212-1Biological applications of radioelements B2Q230--3
GENE0003-1Genomics B2Q220--3
ZOOL0227-1Genetic foundations of aquaculture B2Q130--3
GENE0441-1Organelle geneticsB2Q23
Part A   15-- 
Part B   15-- 
LABO0432-1Techniques for cells and tissue cultures B2Q1820-3
GBIO0022-1Biomimetism (english language) - [45h Projet] B2TA15-[+]3
SSTG0023-1Training : phylogeny and ecology of Macaronesian and Mediterranean flora - [10d Field work] B2Q2--[+]3
BOTA0405-1In vitro culture of plants B2Q230--3
BOTA0410-1Phylogeny of eukaryotes B2Q130--3
BIOL0844-1General biology of cryptogams (bryophyta and lichens) B2Q230--3
BIOL0826-2Biogeography and plant and nature conservation - [6d Field work] B2Q2--[+]3
BIOL2042-1Population Biology - [3d Field work] B2Q210-[+]3
ZOOL0228-1Demography and dynamics population of mammals and birds B2Q130--3
ZOOL0230-2Methods to count and monitor freshwater fish populations - [4d Field work] B2Q2-10[+]3
BIOL0828-1(pas organisé en 2018-2019) Hydrobiology and Limnology B2Q230--3
BIOL0025-1Animal symbiosis B2Q11515-3
OCEA0084-1Marine ecotoxicology (english language) B2Q11515-3
OCEA0085-1Methods of investigation, observation and analysis of marine plankton - [12h Monitored workshops] B2Q1105[+]3
ZOOL0218-4Aquariology B2Q120--3
OCEA0050-1Ecology of the Mediterranean benthos - [30h Field work] B2Q1--[+]3
OCEA0144-1Ecology of the coral reefs (english language) B2Q130--3
OCEA0223-1Biodiversity of tropical coastal regions - [15d Field work] B2Q2--[+]3
OCEA0028-1Impact study in a sea environment : theory and practice B2Q120--3
OCEA0027-1Applications of stable isotopes in marine sciences B2Q11515-3
ENVT0884-1Ecology and economy of agricultural systems B2Q130--3
DOCU0455-1Introduction to critical thinking B2Q2105-3
[...] for a maximum of 12 credits in the programmes from other ULiège Masters or external.-

Teaching focus

B2
30Cr
CodeDétailsBlocOrganisationThéoriePratiqueAutresCrédits
AESS1217-1Special didactics in biology : course and exercises (1st part)
Corequisite
AESS1218-1
Didactique spéciale en biologie : stages (partim I)
AESS0202-1
Didactique générale : cours et exercices ; stages d'observation ; pratiques réflexives
B2TA40--3
AESS1218-1Special didactics in biology : placements (1st part)B2TA3
Observation placements - [10h internship]   --[+] 
Teaching placements - [20h internship]   --[+] 
Reflexive practical work
Corequisite
AESS1217-1
Didactique spéciale en biologie : cours et exercices (partim I)
AESS0202-1
Didactique générale : cours et exercices ; stages d'observation ; pratiques réflexives
  -5- 
AESS2217-1Special didactics in biology : course and exercises (2nd part)
Corequisite
AESS2218-1
Didactique spéciale en biologie : stages (partim II)
AESS1218-1
Didactique spéciale en biologie : stages (partim I)
AESS1217-1
Didactique spéciale en biologie : cours et exercices (partim I)
AESS0202-1
Didactique générale : cours et exercices ; stages d'observation ; pratiques réflexives
B2TA35--4
AESS2218-1Special didactics in biology : placements (2nd part)B2TA5
Teaching placements - [20h internship]   --[+] 
Reflexive practical work   -5- 
Extra-scholar teaching activities
Corequisite
AESS2217-1
Didactique spéciale en biologie : cours et exercices (partim II)
AESS1218-1
Didactique spéciale en biologie : stages (partim I)
AESS1217-1
Didactique spéciale en biologie : cours et exercices (partim I)
AESS0202-1
Didactique générale : cours et exercices ; stages d'observation ; pratiques réflexives
  -10- 
AESS0202-1General didactics: course and exercises ; observation placements ; reflexive practices - [10h internship]
Corequisite
AESS1218-1
Didactique spéciale en biologie : stages (partim I)
AESS1217-1
Didactique spéciale en biologie : cours et exercices (partim I)
B2TA3010[+]4
AESS0246-1Analysis of scolastic institutions and key-players, educational policies B2Q115--1
AESS0248-1Elements of sociology of education B2Q210--1
AESS0004-1Media education B2Q115--1
AESS0249-1Interdisciplinary seminar B2Q115--1
AESS0140-1Professional ethics and training to neutrality and citizenship B2Q225--2
AESS0143-1Educational Psychology of adolescents and young adults B2Q115--2
AESS0339-1Understand and manage the diversity of public schools B2Q21015-3

Professional focus in conservation biology : biodiversity and management

B2
30Cr
CodeDétailsBlocOrganisationThéoriePratiqueAutresCrédits
SSTG0047-2Internship: mountain biodiversity and ecology - [12d Field work]
B2Q1--[+]4
BIOD0007-1Biodiveristy analysis methods : community and populations - [8h Field trip] B2Q12020[+]3
GEOG2013-1Introduction to geomorphology, hydrography and hydrology - [2d Field work] B2Q11510[+]3
SPOL2209-3Environmental and land policies
- Suppl : Sophie Hanson
B2Q130--3
GEOG0643-1Citizen engagement methods and tools - [2d Field work] B2Q11010[+]3
GEST3760-1Project management and immaterial resources B2Q112--2
BIOL2033-1Monitoring of the biodiversity and dynamics of citizen - [8d Field work] B2Q12024[+]4
BIOL2034-1Applied questions in biodiversity B2TA20--3
BIOL2035-1Day trips on the themes of conservation and territory use - [8d Field work] B2TA--[+]3
GEOG0238-5Geographical Information Systems, Introduction B2Q11515-2
Notice : the dissertation will be done in a structure external to the University of Liège (public services, companies, NGO) and will relate to themes applied in the field of nature conservation. The related placement will be covered by an ad hoc agreement and led by an external placement supervisor. If necessary, students can do their placement in another country but the subject must still relate to subjects associated with continental ecosystems.

Additional ECTS (max 15-60) Master in biology of organisms and ecology (120 ECTS)

CodeDétailsBlocOrganisationThéoriePratiqueAutresCrédits

Optional courses

B0
60Cr

The refresher programme, for a maximum of 60 credits, will be established by the jury of the Masters in Biology of Organisms and Ecology, depending on the student¿s prior training: this programme will enable the student to acquire the basic knowledge required in relevant fields (statistics, biology, biodiversity, etc.).

B0
60Cr
CodeDétailsBlocOrganisationThéoriePratiqueAutresCrédits
[...] At most 60 credits of courses -
BIOL0003-1Biology of pluricellular organisms-Q15
Animal   1515- 
Plant Biology   1515- 

List of option courses

CodeDétailsBlocOrganisationThéoriePratiqueAutresCrédits
HAAR0091-1Archaeozoology B2Q11515-3
GEOL0099-1Evolution of the Phanerozoic biosphere (english language) - [2d Field work]
Prerequisite
PALE0209-1
Paléontologie
B2Q120-[+]3
GEOL1022-2Precambrian paleobiogeology B2Q12010-3
GEOL0263-1Astrobiology (Even years) B2Q23015-3
GEOL1023-1Palynology - advanced course on Paleozoic spores (Odd years)
B2Q230--3
BIOL0821-1Natural Biomaterials : ultrastructural and functional aspects B2Q230--3
BIOL0114-4Electronic microscopies, Part A B2Q215--3
CHIM9236-1Microstructure of materials : characterization techniques, Part A B2Q215--3
BIOL0820-1Morphological specific aspects of vertebrates : functional approach B2Q230--3
NEUR0434-1Functional Neuroanatomy B2Q230--3
BIOL0822-1Environmental physiology (english language) B2Q11020-3
BIOL0823-1Ultrastructural cytochemistry B2Q230--3
OCEA0083-1Physiology and biochemistry of the marine animals (english language) B2Q11515-3
CHIM9212-1Biological applications of radioelements B2Q230--3
GENE0003-1Genomics B2Q220--3
ZOOL0227-1Genetic foundations of aquaculture B2Q130--3
GENE0441-1Organelle geneticsB2Q23
Part A   15-- 
Part B   15-- 
LABO0432-1Techniques for cells and tissue cultures B2Q1820-3
GBIO0022-1Biomimetism (english language) - [45h Projet] B2TA15-[+]3
SSTG0023-1Training : phylogeny and ecology of Macaronesian and Mediterranean flora - [10d Field work] B2Q2--[+]3
BOTA0405-1In vitro culture of plants B2Q230--3
BOTA0410-1Phylogeny of eukaryotes B2Q130--3
BIOL0844-1General biology of cryptogams (bryophyta and lichens) B2Q230--3
BIOL0826-2Biogeography and plant and nature conservation - [6d Field work] B2Q2--[+]3
BIOL2042-1Population Biology - [3d Field work] B2Q210-[+]3
ZOOL0228-1Demography and dynamics population of mammals and birds B2Q130--3
ZOOL0230-2Methods to count and monitor freshwater fish populations - [4d Field work] B2Q2-10[+]3
BIOL0828-1(pas organisé en 2018-2019) Hydrobiology and Limnology B2Q230--3
BIOL0025-1Animal symbiosis B2Q11515-3
OCEA0084-1Marine ecotoxicology (english language) B2Q11515-3
OCEA0085-1Methods of investigation, observation and analysis of marine plankton - [12h Monitored workshops] B2Q1105[+]3
ZOOL0218-4Aquariology B2Q120--3
OCEA0050-1Ecology of the Mediterranean benthos - [30h Field work] B2Q1--[+]3
OCEA0144-1Ecology of the coral reefs (english language) B2Q130--3
OCEA0223-1Biodiversity of tropical coastal regions - [15d Field work] B2Q2--[+]3
OCEA0028-1Impact study in a sea environment : theory and practice B2Q120--3
OCEA0027-1Applications of stable isotopes in marine sciences B2Q11515-3
ENVT0884-1Ecology and economy of agricultural systems B2Q130--3
DOCU0455-1Introduction to critical thinking B2Q2105-3