2019-2020 / MECA0467-1

Turbomachines

Duration

26h Th, 26h Pr

Number of credits

 Master of Science (MSc) in Electromechanical Engineering5 crédits 
 Master of Science (MSc) in Mechanical Engineering (EMSHIP+, Erasmus Mundus)5 crédits 

Lecturer

Koen Hillewaert

Language(s) of instruction

French language

Organisation and examination

Teaching in the second semester

Schedule

Schedule online

Units courses prerequisite and corequisite

Prerequisite or corequisite units are presented within each program

Learning unit contents

  • classification and use of turbomachines
  • General principles: flow and energy transfer in relative frames; Euler's equation of turbomachinery; velocity triangles; h-s diagrams; similarity;
  • Recap on hydraulics: head; circuits; cavitation;
  • Principles of incompressible turbomachinery: forces and energy transfer in stationary and moving axial blade passages; stages, degree of reaction; flow and forces in stationary and rotating radial flow passages;
  • Pumps and fans: classification and similarity; components, energy balance, characteristic curves of centrifugal and axial pumps; use in circuits and regulation;
  • Hydraulic turbines: classification and similarity; components, power balance, characteristic curves and regulation of Pelton/Turgo, Francis, Deriaz/Kaplan/bulb turbines; cavitation;
  • Wind turbines: classification, general principles, Betz limit and similarity; HAWT: blade design following Betz and Schmitz, regulation; 
  • Recap on compressible flows
  • Principles of compressible turbomachinery: supersonic cascades and choking; h-s diagrams and efficiencies, similarity;
  • compressors: components, characteristic curves of axial and radial compressors; off-design operation of multi-stage axial compressors
  • turbines: impulse versus reaction stages, partial admission; organisation, regulation and saturated conditions in steam turbines; thermal loads and mitigation in gas turbine stages
  • application to propulsion and turbocharging.

Learning outcomes of the learning unit

To understand how turbomachines work, how they can be used in relation to their environment.

Prerequisite knowledge and skills

Thermodynamics, general and fluid mechanics.

Planned learning activities and teaching methods

Two laboratory sessions (1 hour each) are organized, devoted to the test of a centrifugal, a Pelton turbine, the acquisition and analysis of pressure, flow, torque measurements, and the assessment of the performances of those machines.
A visit to the turbomachinery labs at the von Karman institute is organized.

Mode of delivery (face-to-face ; distance-learning)

This course is organized throughout the academic year, by 4 hour sessions, typically split in 3h of theory and 1h of exercises.

Recommended or required readings

Course notes are available, as well as a collection of solved exercises.

Assessment methods and criteria

An examination is organized in june. During 4h the student prepares a general question on theory for an oral examination, as well as two exercises. Course notes and compressible flow tables can be used. The overall score consists of a weighted average of the scores on theory, exercices and lab report.

Work placement(s)

Organizational remarks

Contacts

Teacher : Koen Hillewaert (koen.hillewaert@uliege.be) Assistant : Nicolas Leclère (n.leclere@uliege.be)

Adaptation of teaching commitments following the COVID-19 pandemic for the May-June 2020 session

Teaching methods implemented : distance-learning

teaching activities through e-campus

  • course notes and exercise bundles (+ answers) on line
  • live teaching sessions at the regular hour via collaborate
  • recordings put on line following the course per subtopic
  • fora for questions on theory, exercises and course organisation

Assessment subjects

  • classification and use of turbomachines
  • General principles: flow and energy transfer in relative frames; Euler's equation of turbomachinery; velocity triangles; h-s diagrams; similarity;
  • hydraulics: head; hydraulic diagrams; cavitation;
  • Principles of incompressible turbomachinery: forces and energy transfer in stationary and moving axial blade passages; stages, degree of reaction; flow and forces in stationary and rotating radial flow passages;
  • Pumps and fans: classification and similarity; components, energy balance, characteristic curves of centrifugal and axial pumps; use in circuits and regulation;
  • Hydraulic turbines: classification and similarity; components, power balance, characteristic curves and regulation of Pelton/Turgo, Francis, Deriaz/Kaplan/bulb turbines; cavitation;
  • Compressible flows: speed of sound, isentropic and polytropic relations, critical section, shocks, operation of the Laval nozzle and choking
  • Principles of compressible turbomachinery: h-s diagrams and efficiencies, similarity; applications in energy and propulsion
  • compressors: components, characteristic curves of axial and radial compressors; off-design operation of multi-stage axial compressors
  • turbines: impulse versus reaction stages, partial admission; organisation, regulation and saturated conditions in steam turbines; thermal loads and mitigation in gas turbine stages

Assessment methods

exercises: common session for all students through on-line platform (2/3 of the marks)


  • 2 comprehensive exercises, with 2-3 subquestions
  • form for providing numerical values of the answers
  • the elaborated answer in has to be sent in the hour following the exam. The form is free, and can be  a scan of written text, documented computation script, latex document, ...
  • use of matlab, python, ... allowed provided the script is sent and documented
theory: online oral exam through teleconferencing on commonly agreed date


  • general question on comprehension of certain physical phenomena, links between different chapters, application of general principles 
  • 20' preparation after receiving the question
  • 20' exam and discussion

Contacts

Preferably through the fora on e-campus (theory, exercises and organisation) for any question of general interest. The fora are followed up daily.
 
by mail

  • koen.hillewaert@uliege
  • n.leclere@uliege.be (exercises)

Adaptation of teaching commitments following the COVID-19 pandemic for the Aug-Sept 2020 session

Assessment subjects

  • classification and use of turbomachines
  • General principles: flow and energy transfer in relative frames; Euler's equation of turbomachinery; velocity triangles; h-s diagrams; similarity;
  • hydraulics: head; hydraulic diagrams; cavitation;
  • Principles of incompressible turbomachinery: forces and energy transfer in stationary and moving axial blade passages; stages, degree of reaction; flow and forces in stationary and rotating radial flow passages;
  • Pumps and fans: classification and similarity; components, energy balance, characteristic curves of centrifugal and axial pumps; use in circuits and regulation;
  • Hydraulic turbines: classification and similarity; components, power balance, characteristic curves and regulation of Pelton/Turgo, Francis, Deriaz/Kaplan/bulb turbines; cavitation;
  • Compressible flows: speed of sound, isentropic and polytropic relations, critical section, shocks, operation of the Laval nozzle and choking
  • Principles of compressible turbomachinery: h-s diagrams and efficiencies, similarity; applications in energy and propulsion
  • compressors: components, characteristic curves of axial and radial compressors; off-design operation of multi-stage axial compressors

Assessment methods

exercises: common session for all students on-line (2/3 of the marks)

  • 2 comprehensive exercises, with 2-3 subquestions
  • the elaborated answer in has to be sent in the half hour following the exam. The form is free, and can be  a scan of written text, documented computation script, latex document, ...
  • use of matlab, python, ... allowed, recommended even, provided the script is sent and documented
  • blackboard virtual session for communication, clarification etc
theory: online oral exam through teleconferencing on commonly agreed date (1/3 of the marks)
  • general question on comprehension of certain physical phenomena, links between different chapters, application of general principles 
  • no extensive mathematical development but focus on model assumptions and limitations, global tendencies
  • illustrations of working principles, graphs of tendencies may be required
  • 30' preparation after receiving the question
  • 30' exam and discussion

Contacts

Preferably through the fora on e-campus (theory, exercises and organisation) for any question of general interest. The fora are followed up daily.
For all other questions

  • koen.hillewaert@uliege
  • n.leclere@uliege.be (exercises)