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| MICR0711-1 | Microbiology
- Part 1 : Algology and mycology
- Part 2 : Bacteriology
- Part 3 : Virology
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| Duration : | Part 1 : Algology and mycology : 20h Th, 10h Pr
Part 2 : Bacteriology : 20h Th, 10h Pr
Part 3 : Virology : 20h Th, 10h Pr
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| Number of credits : |
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| Lecturer : | Part 1 : Algology and mycology : Denis Baurain
Part 2 : Bacteriology : Bernard Joris
Part 3 : Virology : Jacques Piette
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| Coordinator : | Jacques Piette |
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Language(s) of instruction :
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| French language |
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Organisation and examination :
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| All year long |
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Course contents :
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 | | Part 1 : Algology and mycology |
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| An introductory lecture (1h30) covers the large-scale organization of living organisms and makes a point of showing the unexpected diversity of "protists" (eukaryotic microbes), including "algae" and "fungi". Take-home messages of this first lecture are the need for a natural classification and the inadequacy of traditional groupings.
The next ten lectures paint a picture of the different groups of algae (including cyanobacteria) and fungi (sensu lato) and replace them in a proper evolutionary context, as deduced from molecular phylogenetics. For each group, a range of key species are discussed in more detail.
The general outline of these ten lectures is given below.
2. Presentation of biochemical and ultrastructural characters, of which variation among main groups of algae makes that those organisms display a much greater diversity of cellular organization than animals and land plants, in spite of a deceivingly simple morphology.
3. Introduction to the fungal way of life.
4. Presentation of blue-green algae, whose prokaryotic nature places in a peculiar phylogenetic position ("cyanobacteria") but whose ecological role is similar to that of other algae. Main themes: importance in present ecosystems, nitrogen fixation, toxins and morphological evolution.
5-8. Presentation of eukaryotic algae, mainly red, green and brown algae, as well as the main planktonic algae (e.g., dinoflagellates, diatoms). Main themes: evolution of eukaryotes (origin, loss or gain of plastid, origin of land plants), ecological and economical (mucilages) importance of benthic algae, primary production, trophic role and toxic blooms of planktonic algae, dinoflagellate symbioses.
9. Presentation of Ascomycetes. Among those organisms, a special attention is given to yeasts as technological and scientific tools (small and completely sequenced genomes, transformations, fermentations). Other themes: parasites and symbionts (lichens), mycotoxins and antibiotics.
10. Presentation of Basidiomycetes, insisting on their role as mycorhizal symbionts or wood-rotters (ecological importance, destruction of timber, biotechnological potential of the capacity to metabolize lignin).
11. Presentation of other groups of fungi, with emphasis on Mucorales (moulds) and Glomales (endomycorhizae), downy mildew (economical and historical importance) and Dictyostelium (tool of molecular biology).
Practical teaching is based on the collection of fungi in the surrounding of the Botanical Institute, their observation in the laboratory and attempts at cultivation. Algae from the pond near the Institute are treated in the same way. |
| | Part 2 : Bacteriology |
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| Chapter I: The bacterial cell: architecture and composition
Chapter II: Biosynthesis and assembly of bacterial envelopes
Chapter III: Bacterial growth
Chapter IV: Nutrition
Chapter V: Metabolism
Chapter VI: The control of bacterial growth
Chapter VII: Antibiotics |
| | Part 3 : Virology |
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| Chapter I : Basis of virology
Chapter II : The various infectious cycles
Chapter III : The various steps of an infectious cycle
Chapiter IV : The possible origin of latency in relationship with several pathologies
Chapter V : How can we classify virus- the Baltimore classification.
Chaptre VI : Class V : Orthomyxoviridae; paramyxoviridae; rhabdoviridae.
Chapter VII : Class IV : Picornaviridae; togaviridae; flaviviridae; coronaviridae.
Chapter VIII : Class III : Reoviridae.
Chapter IX : Class I : Herpesvirus; papovaviridae; adénoviridae; poxviridae.
Chapter X : Class II : Parvoviridae; bactériophages FX174 & M13
Chapter XI : Class VI : Retroviridae, lentivirus & HIV
Chapter XII : Class VII : Hepdnaviridae; HBV
Chapter XIII : The viruses that escape the immune system. |
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Learning outcomes of the course :
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| | Part 1 : Algology and mycology |
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| They are four objectives to this course:
- To get used to the main groups of organisms traditionally considered as algae and fungi.
- To understand their position in the diversity of Life as well as the main lines of their classification.
- To discover a range of organisms that broadly sample these groups and that are interesting for evolutionary, ecological, medical, experimental or industrial reasons.
- To experiment with observing and identifying some species living in the surroundings of the Sart Tilman.
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| | Part 2 : Bacteriology |
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| Get an overview of the bacterial cell, its structures and its physiology. Understanding and mastering the control of bacterial growth by physical and chemical agents |
| | Part 3 : Virology |
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| Obtaining a general view of the diversity of the world of virus and of the complexicity of the interactions between host and virus. Helping in the general understanding on how the immune response to virus is triggered by the host. |
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Prerequisites and co-requisites/ Recommended optional programme components :
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| | Part 1 : Algology and mycology |
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| A minimal knowledge of general biology and biochemistry. |
| | Part 2 : Bacteriology |
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| A basic knowledge of biology and biochemistry |
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Planned learning activities and teaching methods :
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| | Part 1 : Algology and mycology |
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| Laboratory practicals require four half-days (two for algae, two for fungi) in laboratories located at the -1 floor of the Botanical Institute B22 in the Sart Tilman campus. Fresh material is collected in the surroundings of the building, located near the forest, at the beginning of the course. Some of the laboratory manipulations will be common to the bacteriology course. |
| | Part 2 : Bacteriology |
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| Practical works are mandatory and include three half-days of individual work with a final report to be evaluated |
| | Part 3 : Virology |
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| The pratical course is integrated with Immunology |
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Mode of delivery (face-to-face ; distance-learning) :
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| | Part 1 : Algology and mycology |
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| Assistance to the lectures is important for they are interactive, which helps to digest the course content. Further, teaching is supported by a large number of original illustrations.
For laboratory practicals, one needs A4 paper, pencil, eraser and a pocket lens 10-15x. |
| | Part 2 : Bacteriology |
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| Face-to-face |
| | Part 3 : Virology |
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| Course of 90 min |
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Recommended or required readings :
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| | Part 1 : Algology and mycology |
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| PowerPoint slides will be made available to students after each class. A summary of the lecture (with missing words to find) will be also given to the students at the beginning of each class. |
| | Part 2 : Bacteriology |
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| Lecture notes will be given at the beginning of the year. The slide presentations will be made available to students.
Reference Books:
Prescott LM Harley JP and Klein DA Microbiology. De Boeck, Brussels Wesmael S. A.
M.F. Madigan, Martinko J.M., Parker J. Brock Biology of Microorganisms. Prentice Hall International Inc.., London |
| | Part 3 : Virology |
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| No written notes. However, the students will receive copies of the overheads shown during the course.
Text books are:
-Virology (Ed B. Fields et al, Lippincott-Ravel et al. , New-York, USA).
-Understanding Viruses by Teri Shors (Ed. Jones & Bartlett, USA).
-Virology: Molecular Biology & Pathogenesis par Leonard Norkin (Ed ASM Press, USA) |
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Assessment methods and criteria :
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| | Part 1 : Algology and mycology |
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| Final note is made up for one fourth by appreciations of the laboratory reports and three quarters by the written examination (multiple choices form). As with the two other partims, 8/20 is necessary for succeeding in the whole course. |
| | Part 2 : Bacteriology |
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| Written exam in January and oral in September |
| | Part 3 : Virology |
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| Oral examination. Two questions on the theoretical course |
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Work placement(s) :
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Organizational remarks :
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| | Part 1 : Algology and mycology |
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| Taking notes on a laptop or tablet is allowed. However, students are expected not to surf or chat in the classroom. |
| | Part 2 : Bacteriology |
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| It is important to notice that as for the two others parts of te course, an evaluation note of 8/20 is required in order to succeed. |
| | Part 3 : Virology |
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| It is important to notice that as for the two others parts of te course, an evaluation note of 8/20 is required in order to succeed. |
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Contacts :
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| | Part 2 : Bacteriology |
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| Bernard Joris, Chargé de coursInstitut de Chimie B6a
Bureau 1.50b
E-mail : bjoris@ulg.ac.be |
| | Part 3 : Virology |
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| Jacques Piette, Directeur de Recherches FNRS et Professeur Adjoint.
Laboratoire de Virologie & Immunologie, Institut de Pathologie, Bât. B23, 4000 Liège 1 (Sart Tilman)
Tél : 04/366.24.42, Fax : 04/366.24.33, E-mail : jpiette@ulg.ac.be |
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| Items online : |
Part 3 : Virology
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