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| AERO0001-1 | Aerodynamics
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| Duration : | 30h Th, 30h Pr |
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| Number of credits : |
| Master in Aerospatial Engineering, research focus, 1st year | | 5 |
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| Master in Aerospatial Engineering, research focus, 2nd year | | 5 |
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| Master in Aerospatial Engineering, research focus (Thrust), 1st year | | 5 |
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| Master in Engineering Physics, in-depth approach, 2nd year | | 5 |
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| Master in Aerospace Engineering, Professional Focus (Management), 1st year | | 5 |
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| Lecturer : | Jean André Essers, Vincent Terrapon |
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Language(s) of instruction :
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| French language |
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Organisation and examination :
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| Teaching in the second semester |
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Course contents :
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| This course presents the following most fundamental aspects of low speed aerodynamics (incompressible flow).
- Incompressible potential flow over lifting airfoils: law of Kutta and Joukowsky. Lift, drag and polar. Aerodynamic centre and pitching moment. Unsteady building up of circulation. Airfoil calculation by conformal mapping. Numerical panel method generalized to compressible subsonic flow.
- Laminar incompressible boundary layers. Prandtl equations. Self-similar velocity profiles and exact solutions of Blasius and Falkner-Skan. Calculation by integral methods (Von Karman-Pohlhausen). Stability and transition. Factors influencing the transition to turbulence, the boundary layer separation and the airfoil stall. Turbulent boundary layers. Reynolds-averaged equations and Head method for incompressible turbulent boundary layers.
- The calculation of lifting wings. Modelling of the vortex sheet. Induced drag. The optimal wing. The Prandtl lifting line theory for wings with a large aspect ratio.
- Calculation of thin airfoils and slender bodies by a small disturbance theory: linear subsonic regime, the Prandtl-Glauert approach for the calculation of subsonic airfoils and wings. Yawed wings.
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Learning outcomes of the course :
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| At the end of the course, the students must be able to:
- Calculate the potential flow around a profile using the method of singularities and conformal mapping
- Calculate the boundary layer from the potential flow solution
- Determine the best approach to compute the boundary layer (self-similar profile, integral method, ...)
- Compute the aerodynamic forces on a profile from the velocity or pressure distribution, and the boundary layer solution
- Calculate the aerodynamic forces on a three-dimensional wing from its two-dimensional characteristics
- Compare experimental measurements, and theoretical or numerical results
- Determine the characteristics of transition to turbulence and flow separation from the pressure distribution and Reynolds number
- Differentiate between the sources of drag, their cause and characteristics
- Average important equations using Reynolds approach
- Simplify important equations using dimensional analysis
- Differentiate between the physics of laminar and turbulent flows
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Prerequisites and co-requisites/ Recommended optional programme components :
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- Properties of functions with one complex variables. Residuals Laurent series expansions. Conformal mapping (see course MATH007-4 Analyse mathématique II - Prof. Bastin).
- Course MECA025-1 Mécanique des fluides - Prof. Delhez.
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Planned learning activities and teaching methods :
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| They are organized during the 2nd quadrimester. They are made of exercise sessions and of an integrated exercise by groups of 3 or 4 students.
The integrated exercise consists in wind tunnel laboratory work, where the aerodynamic forces on a typical wing are measured, and a theoretical part, where the potential flow and the laminar and turbulent boundary layer around the wing are calculated. This work allows the application to a concrete case of the theory seen in class. The theoretical part requires using an existing code, XFOIL, to compute the laminar and turbulent boundary layer.
Note that students taking the course must do the integrated exercise. This is also true for students taking the exam in September and who have not done the integrated exercise during the year. |
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Mode of delivery (face-to-face ; distance-learning) :
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| Normally during the first 8 weeks of the second quadrimester, in class, as described in the general course schedule.
The course is separated into two parts:
- Inviscid/potential flows (Prof. Essers)
- Boundary layers (Prof. Terrapon)
The course is taught in the classroom. |
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Recommended or required readings :
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- Potential flows: various photocopies taken out of different text books, that can be obtained from Prof. Essers.
- Boundary layers: class notes distributed electronically (Prof. Terrapon).
Other recommended reading material:
- "Fundamentals of Aerodynamics", John D. Anderson, 5th edition.
- "An Introduction to Theoretical and Computational Aerodynamics", Jack Moran, 1984.
- "Foundations of Aerodynamics", Arnold M. Kuthe & Chuen-Yen Chow, 5th edition.
- "Boundary Layer Theory", H. Schlichting & K. Gersten, 8th Revised and Enlarged edition.
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Assessment methods and criteria :
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- Oral exam on the theory: 50%
- Written exam: 35%
- Integrated exercise in groups: 15% (based on the reports and, possibly, on an oral presentation).
The exams are organized during the sessions of June and September. |
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Work placement(s) :
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Organizational remarks :
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| The course is jointly taught by Prof. Essers (potential flows) and Prof. Terrapon (boundary layers).
The exact topic of each class will be decided week by week depending on the availability of the teachers. |
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Contacts :
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| Prof. J. A. Essers
Phone: +32(0)4 366 9359
Email: JA.Essers@ulg.ac.be
http://www.ulg.ac.be/aerodyn
Prof. V. E. Terrapon
Phone: +32(0)4 366 9268
Email: vincent.terrapon@ulg.ac.be
http://www.mtfc.ulg.ac.be/ (http://www.ulg.ac.be/aerodyn) |
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