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| ANIM0006-1 | Animal production in temperate areas, the ruminants
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| Duration : | 28h Th, 12h Pr, 8h FT |
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| Credits/ECTS : |
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| Holder(s) : | Yves Beckers |
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| Language : | French language |
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| Course contents : | I. The dairy herd management and the milk production
- Rearing of the dairy calf:
* from birth to weaning;
* management of the dairy heifer and reproductive bull.
- Feeding of the dairy cow:
* feed intake;
* energy, nitrogen, minerals and vitamins recommendations;
* feeding management according to the physiological stage of the cow; watering;
* fibrosity of the diet;
* diets formulation for the dairy herd;
* metabolic diseases and prevention: rumen acidosis, ketosis, milk fever.
- Management of the dairy herd:
* main causes of culling and prevention: - mastitis; - infertility and specific reproductive problems; reproduction management; - limb and hoof lesions;
* milking and milking system.
- The milk production:
* definition and composition of milk; milk constituents synthesis;
* the lactation curve;
* factors influencing milk yield.
- The milk quality:
* nutritive value of milk and factors influencing the milk components (fat content, fatty acids profiles and protein content);
* technological quality of milk;
* hygienic quality of milk: - total flora and pathogens, somatic cells; - antibiotic residues; - oxydants; - filtration test; - other contaminants;
* water addition;
* organoleptic quality of milk and milk products;
* lipolysis;
* milk and milk products traceability.
II. The beef suckler herd management and the beef production
- Types of bovines used for meat production
- Economic and zootechnical factors influencing beef productivity
- Management of the suckling cow:
* choice of the breed;
* fertility; reproduction management;
* calving season;
* number of calves per cow;
* weaning.
- Feeding of the suckling cow:
* bases of the undernutrition;
* lactating curve;
* feed intake;
* energy, nitrogen, minerals and vitamins recommendations for french suckler breeds and for dubble muscle belgian blue breed.
- The beef production:
* growth and development: definitions, laws; monitoring, factors of variation;
* beef production systems: general features; nutritional recommendations, feeding schemes and management: - the white veal production; - the intensive bull; - the cull cow;
* the slaughter and postmortem handling pratices;
* edible and inedible meat by-products;
* the carcass: quantitative and qualititative features; SEUROP classification;
* specificities of dubble muscle animals;
* meat defects;
* the quality of the meat: - adipose tissue (fat), muscle tissue and connective tissue;
* technological quality;
* organoleptic quality : biological factors and rearing management pratices;
* traceability;
* labels.
III. Visits
Dairy farm; dairy industry; suckling herd farm; growing and finishing cattle unit, slaughterhouse. |
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| Course objective : | Detailed study of the dairy and suckling cows management, of milk and beef productions included products quality in temperate countries.
After completing the course the student is expected to
Understand, discuss critically and solve general or specific problems related to milk and beef production.
Establish a feeding scheme for dairy or suckling herds, for growing and fattening cattle. |
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| Prerequisites : |
- BIOL2011-1 Anatomie et physiologie animale comparées
- BIOL2014-1 Compléments d'anatomie et de physiologie animale comparées
- SPRA0001-1 Productions animales
- BIOL2018-1 Nutrition et diététique
- ALIM003-1 Etude des aliments
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| Organization : | Lectures : 28h
Practical Works : 12h
Field-study trip and visits : 8h |
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| Written notes : |
- Notes de cours, copies des transparents; articles scientifiques
- La conduite du troupeau laitier, 2003, I Cauty et J.M. Perreau; Ed. France Agricole, 288 p.
- La production des bovins allaitants, 2004, C. Dudouet; Ed. France Agricole, 383 p.
- Reproduction in cattle, 2004 (third ed.), P.J.H. Ball and A.R. Peeters; Blackwell Publishing, 242 p.
- Herd Health and Production Management in Dairy Practice, 1996. A. Brand, J.P.T.M. Noordhuizen, Y.H. Schukken; Wageningen Pers, 543 p.
- Hutjens M., 2008. Feeding guide, Third edition. Fort Atkinson, USA, 87 p.
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| Assessment : | Written examination (34%)
Oral examination (66%) |
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| Contacts : | Beckers Yves Unité de Zootechnie - GxABT 081 62 21 19 Yves.Beckers@ulg.ac.be |
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